An ERP system covers the following common functional areas. In many ERP systems these are grouped together and called ERP modules:
- Financial Accounting includes general ledger, fixed asset, payables including vouchering, matching and payment, receivables cash application and collections, cash management and financial consolidation.
- Management Accounting includes budgeting, costing, cost management and activity based costing.
- Human Resources includes recruiting, training, rostering, payroll, benefits, 401K, diversity management, retirement and separation.
- Manufacturing includes engineering, bill of materials, work orders, scheduling, capacity, workflow management, quality control, manufacturing process, manufacturing projects, manufacturing flow and product life cycle management.
- Order Processing includes order to cash, order entry, credit checking, pricing, available to promise, inventory, shipping, sales analysis and reporting and sales commissioning.
- Supply Chain Management includes supply chain planning, supplier scheduling, product configurator, order to cash, purchasing, inventory, claim processing and warehousing (receiving, putaway, picking and packing).
- Project Management includes project planning, resource planning, project costing, work breakdown structure, billing, time and expense, performance units and activity management.
- Customer Relationship Management includes sales and marketing, commissions, service, customer contact and call center support - CRM systems are not always considered part of ERP systems but rather Business Support systems (BSS).
- Data Services includes various "self–service" interfaces for customers, suppliers and/or employees.